The landscape of El Malpais National Monument area is a striking blend of diverse ecosystems shaped by volcanic activity and the unique climate of New Mexico. This region showcases a variety of habitats, each supporting a rich tapestry of flora and fauna. **1. Lava Fields:** At the heart of El Malpais lies its distinctive lava fields formed by volcanic eruptions. These rugged terrains are characterized by basalt rock formations, lava tubes, and cinder cones. The harsh conditions, including rocky surfaces and minimal soil, limit plant growth, but specialized species such as lichens and certain hardy grasses have adapted to thrive in this environment. **2. Ponderosa Pine Forests:** Surrounding the lava fields, you’ll find sprawling ponderosa pine forests that create a stark contrast to the barren landscape. These forests are home to towering pines, which provide shade and habitat for various wildlife. Species such as mule deer, elk, and an array of birds rely on this habitat for food and shelter. The forest understory often features shrubs, wildflowers, and grasses that flourish in the dappled sunlight. **3. Grasslands and Savannas:** Transitioning from the forests, the region features expansive grasslands and open savanna areas. These grasslands are essential for sustaining a diverse range of wildlife, including pronghorn antelope and numerous bird species. The rich variety of grasses and wildflowers create a vibrant ecosystem that supports pollinators and provides habitat for small mammals and ground-nesting birds. **4. Riparian Zones:** Along the edges of streams and arroyos, riparian zones offer a vital ecosystem with dense vegetation and abundant water sources. Cottonwood trees, Willows, and various shrubs create lush habitats that support diverse wildlife. These areas are crucial for many birds and mammals, making them perfect spots for wildlife viewing and birdwatching. **5. Canyons and Cliffs:** The monument also features dramatic canyons and sheer cliffs formed by erosion. These varied topographies contribute to microclimates within the ecosystem, supporting different plant and animal life. Birds of prey, such as hawks and eagles, can often be seen soaring above these rugged areas, searching for their next meal.

Recreation

*Hunting Opportunities:** Unit 13 is known for its rich wildlife, making this property a dream for hunters. Enjoy opportunities to pursue elk, deer, and other game right from your own land.

**Recreational Activities:** Beyond hunting, the property serves as an ideal base for hiking, camping, and exploring the diverse terrain of El Malpais National Monument and nearby BLM lands. Whether you enjoy trail running, bird watching, or simply soaking in breathtaking sunsets, this location has it all.

General Operations

The property is enrolled in the Eplus program and has received a mature bull elk tag the past 3 years (Does not guarantee future tags).

Region & Climate

**1. Temperature:** **Summer:** Temperatures during the summer months (June to August) typically range from the mid-80s to mid-90s Fahrenheit (29C to 37C) during the day, with cooler nights dropping into the 50s and 60s Fahrenheit (10C to 20C). **Winter:** Winter (December to February) brings colder temperatures, often ranging from highs in the 30s and 40s Fahrenheit (1C to 9C) during the day to nighttime lows in the teens and 20s Fahrenheit (-6C to -1C).

**2. Precipitation:** Southern Cibola county receives an average annual precipitation of about 15 to 20 inches, with the majority falling in the late spring and summer months. Thunderstorms are common during this time, contributing to the higher rainfall totals. Winter precipitation primarily comes in the form of snow, though it tends to be light

. **3. Humidity:** The region generally has low humidity levels, contributing to dry conditions for much of the year. The humidity tends to be higher during the rainy summer months but remains comfortable

. **4. Wind:** Winds in southern Cibola county can vary, but the area often experiences breezy conditions, especially during the spring. Wind can contribute to a drier feel in the environment.

**5. Seasonal Changes:** **Spring:** Mild temperatures start to rise, and sporadic rainfall begins, leading to the blooming of wildflowers and greenery. **Summer:** Warm and sometimes hot weather, with increased humidity and afternoon thunderstorms. **Fall:** Cooling temperatures with clear skies, making it a pleasant time for outdoor activities. **Winter:** Cold and sometimes snowy, with clear days interspersed. Overall, the climate in Ramah, NM, offers distinct seasons and is ideal for those who enjoy a variety of outdoor activities throughout the year, from hiking and camping in the warmer months to enjoying winter scenery.

History

The Ice Caves and El Malpais National Monument region has a rich history that weaves together natural wonder, Indigenous cultures, and geological significance. Here’s an overview of the historical context surrounding these remarkable areas: Indigenous Heritage Long before European settlers arrived, the region was inhabited by various Indigenous peoples, including the Zuni, Navajo, and Apache tribes. These groups utilized the land for hunting, gathering, and as part of their cultural traditions. The Zuni people, for example, have a deep spiritual connection to the land, and many of the natural features are significant in their mythology and cosmology. The Ice Caves themselves were likely known to these tribes and may have been used for food preservation and other purposes. Geological Formation El Malpais, which means the badlands in Spanish, was formed by volcanic activity that began approximately 100,000 years ago. The lava flows from this activity shaped the landscape, creating a rugged terrain of lava fields, cinder cones, and the famous Ice Caves. The Ice Caves are formed by lava tubes underground channels created by flowing lava. When the lava cools and leaves these tubes empty, they can trap cold air, which results in the formation of ice inside, even during the warmest months. European Exploration and Settlement Spanish explorers and settlers arrived in the region in the 16th century, drawn by its resources and potential for agriculture. The harsh landscape was both a challenge and a source of intrigue for these early adventurers. The name El Malpais reflects the daunting nature of the terrain as experienced by these explorers. National Monument Designation In 1987, El Malpais was designated as a National Monument to preserve its unique geological features and cultural significance. The area encompasses around 114,000 acres of spectacular landscapes, including the Ice Caves, lava fields, and sandstone bluffs. The preservation effort aimed to protect the ecological and archaeological integrity of the region, allowing future generations to appreciate its natural beauty and historical significance.

Current Significance Today, the Ice Caves and El Malpais National Monument serve as a site for scientific research, education, and recreation. Visitors come to explore the fascinating lava tubes, hike the diverse trails, and learn about the area’s geological and cultural history. The preservation of the region allows for ongoing opportunities to study climate, geology, and the impacts of human activity on the environment. With its rich tapestry of history and natural beauty, the Ice Caves and El Malpais National Monument continue to be a vital part of New Mexico’s heritage, drawing visitors and researchers alike to discover the stories etched in its unique landscapes.